Securing Risk-free Arbitrages on Betting Exchanges

Most people have now become familiar with the concept of arbitrages, and the opportunities which betting exchanges create in order to secure an arbitrage.

As a very brief explanation to those who may be unfamiliar to the term, an arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a state of imbalance between two or more markets. A combination of matching deals are struck that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices.

In the case of the betting exchange, the two markets would represent the back side of the bet and the lay side. In order to create a risk-free arbitrage, a punter would lay a horse at a price, and then back the SAME horse when it's odds have increased. The same applies to backing a horse, and then LAYING the same horse if it's odds decrease.

A simple example is offered:

I have £1000 in my account

I look at the horse SIR MONTY in the 4:10pm at Salisbury.

At 4:05pm I lay the horse for £100 at odds of 3.0 (my account increases temporarily by £100 - now showing £1,100) the horses odds begin to increase

At 4:09pm I back the horse for £75 at odds of 4.0 (£75 now leaves my account - now showing £1,025)

If the horse wins:

I will lose £300 from my account from the lay bet (now showing £825)

I will also win £300 from my back bet (now showing £1,025)

Profit made £25

If the horse loses:

I have lost my £75 stake, but kept the £100 lay

Profit made £25

This in effect is an arbitrage. (This is merely an example, and you should always take into account the exchanges commission which will be deducted from winning bets - there is a very good, and completely free arbitrage calculator available here.

But how can we tell which direction the odds are going to shift in order to secure the arbitrage?

There are various methods for doing this:

1. Who do the top tipsters predict will win the race?

It is incredible just how huge the level of influence these tipsters have on the uk race market. Many top tipster have become household names, with the Sun's Templegate and the News of the Worlds Pegasus being two of the more common ones. If Templegates 'NAP' (best bet of the day) is priced above 5/1 more than 60 minutes before the race is due to begin, and there isn't any odds-on favorite in the same race to oppose it, the NAP's odds will regularly tend to decrease. In this situation You would back early, and then lay the horse closer to the start of the race as it's odds decrease. This will help you secure the arb.

A good source of NAPS can be found at http://www.dailynaps.co.uk which provides a free daily race-card of uk naps.

2. Watch for changes in the weather!

This may seem obvious to some, but the changes in the weather can adversely affect the outcome of a race. For example, you get up at 6am and hear on the news that there is a high probability of rain later that day. You notice on the exchange that the odds-on favorite in the 3:30 at Ascot is trading at 1.6. After some checking, you see that this favorite has only ever won on firm ground. If it does happen to rain, the ground will soften, and the likelihood of this horse winning decreases. So in this case you lay the horse early, and closer to the start of the race the odds should drift out, which is when you then back the horse. Again, creating an arb.

Practical Forex Currency Trading Rules

You can develop into a better and more profitable trader by applying some of the more important forex currency trading rules consistently with a suitable amount of discipline. The following are a few principles that can help improve your chances of success if they are understood, practiced, and implemented in your trading on a regular basis.

These rules have been learned in the trenches, mostly through testing and observing the common mistakes nearly every trader makes when starting out in the forex currency trading business.

Set Up and Implement Specific Goals/Objectives

Very few things are more important to your trading success than setting specific goals and objectives for what you are trying to achieve. The majority of forex traders who often find themselves on the losing end of a trade make the same common and recurring mistakes. Many of the missteps, by and large, are not directly related to the mechanics of trading.

As a matter of fact, most forex traders don't have a clear direction, never take the time to develop a sound business plan and lack a formal written strategy for putting a well thought out plan in place.

In order for any business to be successful it must have measurable goals that are both realistic and attainable. In forex currency trading, the primary goal is obviously to make money, but it's important to have goals that are not strictly money related as well.

Never lose sight of the fact that risk and reward are part-and-parcel to forex currency trading and high returns come with a price so don't expect them without the willingness to plan for minor draw-downs in trading capital.

Your personal objectives and goals should be very specific to you, but they should also include the following characteristics if they are going to be useful. They must be measurable, assigned to a specific time frame and provide an ample return on the time investment made.

As an example, here is a quick outline of a few specific goals.

1. Develop and test 2 new trading systems every year.
2. Plan to reduce the error rate installing the trading systems by 37% each year.
3. Achieve a 177% maximum return on capital in 12 month period.
4. During the year take 3 weeks off from trading.

Having a definite idea of what you want to accomplish in your trading and the exact time frame you want to achieve it, make your efforts more focused. In return you will have greater success.

In order to establish a track record of winning trades, you need to develop discipline and a personal forex currency trading system that makes sense for you.

Is The FOREX The Market To Trade Your Way to Riches?

Ever watch the news and see the ending FOREX trades of the currency markets? They're usually based on how individual currencies traded against the dollar. FOREX is the abbreviation for the Foreign Exchange market. FOREX is a market where the value of individual currencies from all over the world are traded. The currency market today began in the 1970’s as currencies that were historically tied to the gold standard, or the price of gold, were decoupled and allowed to float.

So instead of a dollar having a gold based value, it's value is now determined by the other currencies in the world. FOREX can be an investors paradise as it's as close to a free trading market as you can get. Almost anyone can invest in FOREX because it's simply the trading of 1 currency for another.

So how does this work? Let's say that you believe the United States market is going to be suffering from inflation. That is, the value of the dollar, over the next year or so is going to go down....and all 100 dollars of your savings is in US dollars. One way to trade the FOREX would be to trade your savings in dollars for a currency you believe will be more valuable or stable like the EURO as an example. For this example, let's say one dollar is worth 2 Euros and remember this is an example only. So the trade is 100 US dollars for 200 European EUROS.

Next, let's say your right and inflation does hit the US hard and the value of the dollar drops by 10%. Be aware that when talking about currency we're talking not about the number of dollars and other currencies but the value of those currencies. That is, what it can buy or it's actual worth. So in our example, if you kept your savings in US dollars it would now be worth only 90% of the value it held last year. Because you have your savings in EUROS however and that market has remained stable, the VALUE of your savings has been protected. The reason is that the FOREX trading markets will adjust the value of the dollar because of the inflation and raise the value of the Euro appropriately. So in this example, a US dollar would be worth about 1.8 Euros.

To complete the example, your savings of 200 EUROS could be traded back into US dollars. Because of the inflation however and the value of the dollar went down so you can now trade your 200 EUROS for about 110 US dollars.

Almost anyone can invest in FOREX, and there are strategies for investors who look for long term and short term gains. For those of you who are interested in forex trading, the very first stop is to get some good training and understand the markets. Unlike the private markets where stocks, bonds and commodities are traded, FOREX is currency which belongs to the individual governments. Currency manipulations by governments is not uncommon, while decisions they make can dramatically change the value of their underlying currency.

While many people and currency dealers can make it sound easy, the only thing easy in making any investment is losing your money. It's important to remember that currency dealers make their money through commissions and usually not on the investment they're selling. The example we used above, although very simplistic, had a number of risk factors and additional costs we didn't consider. Things like trading costs, and the assumption that one government held their currency completely stable, which is not usual, while another did not.

Currency - Do You Know What the Biggest is?

Some people say that money makes the world go round. Whether you believe that or not, there’s no doubt that it’s important and useful to have some knowledge of the world’s currencies.

In the same way that English has become the international languages, US dollars have become the international currency, although there is no official global currency. The world’s economy – its production, its debt – is all measured and compared in dollars by businesses and world leaders. Global commodities such as oil and gold are valued in dollars on the markets.

In recent years, though, another currency has come to rival the dollar in importance. It is the euro, the new currency created by the European Union countries to act as a common currency within Europe. Although some countries, notably Britain and Sweden, have not yet joined the single currency, it seems likely that all members of the EU (and future members) will join within the next decade or so.

Beyond these two big currencies, though, there are plenty of others. 175 currencies are officially recognised by the United Nations – some large and established, some obscure and little-used. In the modern world, though, it is easy to convert whatever currency you use to almost any other by using a currency exchange, such as at a bank or a bureau de change. Although you may need to give them notice to get hold of more unusual currencies, almost all of the currencies of the world should be available to you on the currency markets, although they can be expensive.

How much of one currency you can get for another is measured on the markets using an exchange rate. Much like the stock market, exchange rates fluctuate depending on the amount of a currency that is being sold or bought at any one time. This means that some times are better than others for currency transactions, and it also means that it’s all too easy to find that a currency you’re holding has become worth much less than you expected. When in doubt, the best thing to do is probably to convert money back into your native currency and then put it into an inflation-beating savings account, as this will tend to defeat the fluctuations of the currency markets.

Savvy Tactics to Minimize Whopping Forex Losses

Forex trading has one goal: to make money. Unfortunately, like any speculative venture, there is a potential for loosing money. The same holds true with the stock market the commodities market, and the money market. Any investment that entices of great gain poses a certain level of risk. As a forex trader you want to minimize your chance of risk. Observe the following Best Practices:

• Stay informed. Peruse the current events magazines and political journals. Know how the global political and social landscapes have been shifting.

• Brush up on economics. A college refresher course can keep you out of the red. Journals by economists like John Maynard Keyes, Kenneth Galbraith and Walter Williams can help you guesstimate potential forex uptrends.

• Read periodicals like the Asian Wall Street Journal and Business Investors Daily.

• Fire up a practice demo account and get a feel of the game before jumping into the market.

• Befriend a broker you trust.

• Cultivate friendships with other traders into active trading.

• Understand historical trends and their impact on the charts.

• Take a short course on forex trading to get your skills up to speed. These cost under $200 and can help you avoid $20000 losses

• Research forex on the Internet. Forums provide great sources of information

• And finally, invest money that you can actually afford to lose if worse comes to worse. Then you won’t be out of the game completely.

• Cut your losses early. When a portfolio is losing week after week, shed it. It may take months to recover which means money tied unproductively.

• Invest in multiple currency pairs, such as EU-GBP, GBP-USD, CHF-USD. This frees the trader from monumental losses incurred when all eggs are thrown into one currency pair.

• Don't hang to a position for extended periods. This ins't the stock market where equities tend to go up in the long term. Sell positions when minor up movements are made and reinvest in other currency pairs.

Good luck and happy trading!

Enjoy Trading and Enjoy Life

I speak to traders that spend every waking hour focused on trading. While this may be fine for some it is not for me, I know this because I used to be that guy. I originally became interested in trading because I dreamed of being rich and having the time to do what ever I wanted. I have a compulsive nature to begin with and I hunger for knowledge. This combination led me to work constantly, to learn more about trading. I maintained a full time job and studied trading strategy at night, often until midnight only to get up the next day at 4:30 A.M. to go to work. Studying the markets were a 7 day a week thing for me. This went on for a couple of years.

From time to time I would personally meet other traders and met some through the net. Over time I noticed that some traders did not obsess over trading the way I did. Most did but a handful did not.I thought that one day if I worked hard enough I would be like them. Then one day I met a man that changed my thinking. Through our discussions about trading I realized that he started about the same time as myself. He did not have as much experience as I had and it was apparent that his knowledge of the markets was not as extensive as myself.

The curious thing was that he traded only 2 hours per day and did not work any other job. The rest of his time he played golf and spent time with his family. I questioned him in hope that he would share his secret trading formula with me. To my surprise he did not have a secret weapon for trading markets. Instead he had a secret weapon for life in general. ENJOY IT!! That day I realized that I had lost sight completely of my original goal which was to have more time. I had ran completely in the opposite direction. Instead of trading freeing from a job it had become more of a job than my actual job was. My percentage of winning trades was not where I wanted it to be and thought that I could study my way to a better percentage.

After talking with him I decided to take a break from trading and come back with a new perspective. When I again started to trade I only allowed myself to spend 2 hours per day on trading. I was much more relaxed and I traded less often. This turned out to be great, my win percentage went up because I was more selective in my trades and I was not stressed out about everything. Today I enjoy life much more and trading is what I thought that it could be.... Thanks Robert

Remember there is alot more to life than trading. Life is to short to spend every hour looking to make the next great market move. What if that next move doesn't occur in your lifetime, then what have you gained. Trading is wonderful and I do love it but I'm not going to sacrifice my life and the happiness of those I love for it. I have a life I fully intend to enjoy it. If you would like to read some things that actually pertain to trading visit me at: Shadow Trader

Make More Money Trading Tommorrow

Several years ago I was in search of trading that was as simple to understand and execute as possible. I had researched so many systems in 10 years of studying and trading and one thing they all had in common was complexity and vagueness. Everyone that claims to have the holy grail says it is a no brainer but when you start to dig into the nuts and bolts of the system you always find glitches. You will start to uncover little tweaks that the system promoter says you have to adjust for one reason or another.

After awhile you have so many tweaks that you begin to wonder if this a system at all. Many times I have asked myself if I would not do better by just flipping a coin. On most systems flipping a coin would be better. This is sad but true. You see the only trading system that is dependable is money management. I know that you hear this glossed over in every book and system out there but the truth is that 99% of success in trading any market is due to money management. This is the dull side of trading and when you are trying to sell a million copies of a book you have to advertise the flashy side of trading.

A good example is to ask someone what they need to do to put more money into savings and a retirement fund. Most, if not all people respond that they need to earn more money. Wrong answer! The correct answer is by setting and sticking to a budget that allows for money to be saved. You see, for most people earning more money is not as easy as just saying the word. Most of us depend on someone in a supervisory position to award us a pay raise. This means that for the most part earning more money is not in our control. How we budget our money on the other hand is totally within our control. This is why if you are going to make a true change in your finances that you have to choose budgeting to achieve your goal. The reason most people say earn more is because in the back of their mind there are other appealing aspects that go along with earning more money.

Trading systems are the same. It is much more appealing to think that you will by a system and it is going to make you rich. Millions is spent each on trading systems, tapes, seminars, and courses. With this many people buying all this stuff and going into trading America should be bursting at the seams with trading millionaires. That's not exactly the case though. Why not? Because you can have a great system to trade with, but if you can not manage money you will not make money and in the long run you will lose. The only way to make a true change in your trading is also through a money management strategy

Make More Money Trading Tommorrow

Several years ago I was in search of trading that was as simple to understand and execute as possible. I had researched so many systems in 10 years of studying and trading and one thing they all had in common was complexity and vagueness. Everyone that claims to have the holy grail says it is a no brainer but when you start to dig into the nuts and bolts of the system you always find glitches. You will start to uncover little tweaks that the system promoter says you have to adjust for one reason or another.

After awhile you have so many tweaks that you begin to wonder if this a system at all. Many times I have asked myself if I would not do better by just flipping a coin. On most systems flipping a coin would be better. This is sad but true. You see the only trading system that is dependable is money management. I know that you hear this glossed over in every book and system out there but the truth is that 99% of success in trading any market is due to money management. This is the dull side of trading and when you are trying to sell a million copies of a book you have to advertise the flashy side of trading.

A good example is to ask someone what they need to do to put more money into savings and a retirement fund. Most, if not all people respond that they need to earn more money. Wrong answer! The correct answer is by setting and sticking to a budget that allows for money to be saved. You see, for most people earning more money is not as easy as just saying the word. Most of us depend on someone in a supervisory position to award us a pay raise. This means that for the most part earning more money is not in our control. How we budget our money on the other hand is totally within our control. This is why if you are going to make a true change in your finances that you have to choose budgeting to achieve your goal. The reason most people say earn more is because in the back of their mind there are other appealing aspects that go along with earning more money.

Trading systems are the same. It is much more appealing to think that you will by a system and it is going to make you rich. Millions is spent each on trading systems, tapes, seminars, and courses. With this many people buying all this stuff and going into trading America should be bursting at the seams with trading millionaires. That's not exactly the case though. Why not? Because you can have a great system to trade with, but if you can not manage money you will not make money and in the long run you will lose. The only way to make a true change in your trading is also through a money management strategy

Forex History Primer

Forex History 101

Although there is some debate about when foreign currency trading officially started, the general consensus is that it started in the early 1900s. During this period, London was the center of the forex trading world and therefore the pound became the pre-eminent currency. Central Banks use to keep the pound as the reserve currency.

Before personal computers and the internet became prevalent, the only way banks could exchange currencies amongst themselves was through Telex Transfers (called cable transfers back in the day). That is why many traders still refer to the pound as cable.

In 1944, the Bretton Woods Agreement was signed to increase international monetary stability by preventing money from fleeing across nations, and restricting speculation in the world currencies. Countries were prohibited from devaluing their currencies by more than 10%. In the early 1950’s however, the expanding volume of international trade cause the exchange rates set-up under Bretton Woods to dramatically change.

After World War II the European economies were severely depressed and the US became the new global currency (because the US was unaffected by the war). Even today, most currency pairs are traded against the USD however in recent months, the Euro has become a serious contender.

It was in 1971 that the Bretton Woods agreement was abandoned. By abandoning this agreement, the forces of supply and demand started to control currency exchange rates

Seven Keys For Successful Part-Time Trading

Stock and option traders are often inundated with promotional material in the form of direct mail, seminar promoters, software vendors, and the occasional infomercial late at nite that implies if you just had the secrets they contain that you too can build your fortune by trading stocks, options, and the like. However, one thing that many of the authors of these materials don’t consider is the fact that many people have jobs, families, and businesses that require your attention. While many people are drawn to the markets and sincerely have the desire as well as the will to apply themselves many of these promoters and authors are unable to understand the needs of part-time traders. This, unfortunately, leads many aspiring traders to the false conclusion that they cannot trade profitably since they are unable to trade full-time but this doesn’t have to be the case if the individual keeps certain key fundamental criteria to make money trading the markets.

First, you have to trade your own time frame. It is critical that you adopt a trading style that fits your own time frame. Don’t choose to be a intermediate stock trader but then try to be a daytrader too. Part-time traders have a limited time and its best to find an approach that complements both. By trying to utilize several different methods a part-time trader will rarely find the success that he or she is looking for. One trader that I know of was deeply involved with another business and had to stop trading short term options but adopted an intermediate stock momentum method. He only made 8 trades that year but made a 200% return.

Second, adopt a method that suits your personality. Time is typically a factor with part-time traders and many find that swing trading, trading in the intermediate time frames, and trading options can give them the potential returns they look for while fitting the methods to their own personalities. One trader I know of is a writer but trades momentum stocks off of the weekly charts. On the weekends he checks his charts, adjusts any stops if he has any positions, and enters buy orders for any setups that may show up in only 5-10 minutes on the weekend. In the last 8 years, he has never reported a losing year and in 4 out of the last 8 years has had returns of 100% +. Another trader I know of swing trades stocks on a simple pullback method he developed using a simple indicator while still working as an engineer at one of the major auto manufacturers and during his first year he reported profits of over $200,000. Each of these traders found methods that work along with their personalities.

The third thing that aspiring part-time traders must do, as well as professional traders, is to absolutely have a system of risk control in place. It is almost universal trait that traders of all levels of experiences focus more on entries rather than exits. Containing your losses is going to 90 percent of the battle for part-timers because many will not be in front of the screen and must learn how to set stop loss points, learn when to reduce or increase the size of the position, and how to use diversification to control risk. If a trader loses his capital then can’t play this game and, in some instances, without proper risk control a trader can end up owing a lot of money if they traded on margin!

The fourth key that’s important for aspiring part-time traders to keep in mind is to identify low-risk trades and be more selective. If there are a handful of stocks that are offering compelling reasons for a long position spend some time and research them closely to select the best one or two. Which ones are in the strongest industries? Which ones are in the strongest sectors within those industries? Which ones are the strongest subsectors within those sectors? Is there a stock that has the strongest fundamentals or gives the strongest technical setups to trade? By spending a few more minutes and examining the key criteria that you look for in a trading setup you can potentially lower your risk and raise the probability for a profitable trade by becoming more selective in identifying low-risk trades.

The fifth key for part-time traders need to have is an edge. An edge is any trading technique, method, or tool that gives that trader an advantage that can be exploited for trading profitably. An edge can be how a trader reads charts, studies price/volume relationships, selects stocks to trade, a system of trade management, or reads price patters. One very famous swing trader uses technical analysis, chart patterns, and volume studies to trade. In the late 1990, he turned an $11,000 account into $43,000,000 in only 23 months! Edges can be very simple tools that a trader has refined and has great skill in trading with.

The sixth key is learn how to be at peace with the inevitable losses that come from being involved with the market. When we are young we learn how to exist within a structured environment thru a series of rewards and punishments. In your home as a child, your parents would reward your good behavior and punish your bad behavior. As a result, you learned your boundaries and how to exist within that structured environment. When aspiring traders come to the market, however, they find that there is no structured environment and that the rules they learned when they were young no longer apply. The keys listed here are to help you survive and eventually prosper but you must relearn your own behavior in order to find the success you seek in the markets. If you can learn to love your losses while sticking the rules of trading you have set up for yourself then you are on your way to financial success. But if you lose sleep at night or in a constant state of anxiety because you fear taking a loss or have experienced a loss then you need to stop trading till you find the kind of peace that successful traders have come to understand that losses are just part of the business.

Trading with Support and Resistance

Support and resistance has long been a staple in trading indicators. Support and resistance is a simple concept that has its roots in the supply and demand theory. When looking at a chart you see price action that appears to be random but, by adding support and resistance theory to the equation you will see that the price movements are not always random. I first noticed this before I started trading. I used to watch the stock ticker on T.V. and over time I noticed that at certain price levels on the Dow Jones Industrial Average would seem to have difficulty breaking throughsome price levels. It was more obvious when the price tried to move through round numbers.

As prices go up there comes a point when the traders feel that the price is to high and the buyers will slow. This is called resistance. Generally, for a price area to be called resistance you will have to have 3 or more hits on or very near the same price. The same rules apply to support but, this term describes the failure of prices to continue going down. Once a price goes down to a point the prices is viewed as being a good deal. Much the same way a store puts things on sale. When the sale price in effect their are usually more buyers willing to purchase. The markets work the same way. The more hits on a price level the stronger that support or resistance is believed to be.

Many times there may be no good explanation for a support or resistance level other than people believe in it. Often this is enough to cause the market to stall or reverse direction. Perception is often the motivation behind the markets price movements. I have saw prices move drastically because of rumors. On the other hand I have seen very little movement in prices following what you would think to be an important announcement.

6 Criteria for a Good Online Forex Trading System

If you are a trader and you have tried to find a forex trading system that might work for you and have curiously looked up the words “forex trading system” in Google, haven’t you been surprised and annoyed at the amount of rubbish and useless material on this subject out there? I know I have.

It seems everybody is a forex expert these days. Or a Internet Marketer? – difficult to decide.

If you are genuine in your quest to make money currency trading, you cannot trade without a system or without a plan. It is true that these systems are important and valuable. As a retail trader you are competing against institutions with armies of risk analysts, risk managers, portfolio supervisors - all contributing to their efforts and their profits. You as an individual you do not have this luxury, so you must be professional about your approach.

So how do you differentiate between good online forex trading systems and poor ones? I have selected 6 criteria to sort out the quality from the rubbish. If you are a forex trader or a beginner looking to buy an online forex trading system, make sure that it has all of these attributes.

1. Choose a forex trading system which is suited to the individual: either risk profile or trading style. Some traders are swing traders others day traders for example. Make sure that the system can cater for both styles.

2. Choose a trading system which has a strong focus on money management and risk management techniques. Money management is the golden rule of successful traders.

3. Choose a system which is promoted by professionals with proven years of trading experience. Don't buy anything off anyone!

4. Choose forex trading systems which are simple, easy to understand and based on sound logic. Only these will force you into discipline when it comes to implementation.

5. Choose a system which will ultimately give you the tools to develop skills and your own online forex trading system and strategy that works for You!

6. Lastly choose a system which is value for your hard earned money – don’t pay anything over $US150. You will find a good forex trading system with all these qualities for $150 or less if you choose wisely.

For more information about why most trader's fail to make money currency trading and about which forex trading systems to choose, visit www.margin-strategies.

Getting Family Support

If there are people in your life who do not support your efforts to become a successful trader, avoid them. Avoid those who express negative energy on a regular basis and vent their hostilities towards you. Wherever possible terminate unhealthy emotional relationships that cannot be repaired, and if necessary, do it immediately.

Negative energy has a cumulative effect that eventually wears down your positive attitude and energy to be successful. Life is too short to be with those who do not believe in you or your abilities to achieve success. A loving partner takes an interest in your work, encourages your efforts, expresses compassion during difficult times, and always tries to help you grow.

Sometimes it helps to find a trading office where instead of getting a bunch of flack from those around you, you can find support, encouragement, and perhaps learn a few tricks from successful traders. I did say a trading office, not a newsgroup or chat room. All you will find in those places is a lot of negative energy, gossip, rumors, and most people who are so confused they can’t see the forest for the trees. For the most part, people who frequent those places, are no better off than you are, and in many instances a lot worse. You cannot believe much of anything you hear in newsgroups. Sorry about that, but it’s true.

Joe Ross has been trading for more than 47 years, and is a well known Master Trader. He has survived all the up and downs of the markets because of his adaptable trading style, using a low-risk approach that produces consistent profits.

Joe is the creator of the Ross hook, and has set new standards for low-risk trading with his concept of "The Law of Charts." Joe was a private trader for most of his life. In the mid 80's he shift his focus and decided to share his knowledge. After his recovery, he founded Trading Educators in 1988 to teach aspiring traders how to make profits using his trading approach. He has written 12 major books on trading. All of them have become classics and have been translated into many different languages.

Joe holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of California at Los Angeles. He did his Masters work in Computer Sciences at the George Washington University extension in Norfolk, VA. Joe still tutors, teaches, writes, and trades regularly. Joe is still an active and integral part of Trading Educators.